##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Background: In Cameroon, prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is high and varies from different places in general population and vulnerable persons such as pregnant women. We performed this survey to determine seroprevalence of HBV using HBV-5 Rapid panel test and associated factors amongst pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in Garoua.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from February, 15th to April, 15th, 2016 amongst 102 pregnant women attending ANC in city of Garoua. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire by interview. The blood samples were collected and tested by the immuno-chromatographic panel method (OnSite HBV-5 Rapid Panel Test) for the detection of HBV biomarkers. Statistical analyses were performed by EPI InfoTM version 7 software, with P<0.05 considered significant.

Results: Overall seroprevalence of HBV (HBsAg) was 10.78% (11/102) and the other HBV biomarkers were 15.68% (16/102), 9.80 (10/102) and 26.47% (27/102) for anti-HBsAb, anti-HBeAb and total anti-HBcAb respectively. According to general information, marital status (P=0.001) was statistically associated with HBsAg seroprevalence. Bivariate analysis logistic regression recorded that, scarification (OR= 30.10; 95% CI 6.55-138.15; P=0.00000) and piercing or tattoo (OR= 11.80; 95% CI 2.77-50.18; P=0.00008) were statistically associated with seroprevalence of HBsAg.

Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HBV biomarkers is high amongst pregnant women attending ANC in Garoua. Associated factors such as scarification and piercing or tattoo were associated with HBV infection. The awareness of pregnant women about vaccination in routine against HBV were necessary to prevent the transmission of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B fact sheet NO 204. [Internet] 2015. [cited on 2015 December 26]. Available from: http:// www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheet/fs204/cn/
     Google Scholar
  2. World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis C infection. [Internet] 2016. [updated on 2016 April; cited on 2017 February 6]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/205035/1/9789241549615_eng.pdf?ua=1
     Google Scholar
  3. Han L, Zhang HW, Xie JX, Zhang Q, Wang HY, Cao GW. A meta-analysis of lamivudine for interruption of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus. World J Gastroenterol. 2011; 17: 4321-4333.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  4. WHO. Hepatitis B. [Internet] [cited on 2014 October 22]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/.
     Google Scholar
  5. Hwang EW, Cheung R. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection. N A J Med Sci. 2011; 4(1): 7–13.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  6. Arfaoui D, Fkih M, Hafsa AE, Kaabia N, Azzouz M. Hepatitis B and pregnancy. Tunis Med. 2010; 88: 383-389
     Google Scholar
  7. Dionne-Odom J, Mbah R, Rembert NJ, Tancho S, Halle-Ekane GE, Enah C, et al. Hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis seroprevalence in pregnant women and blood donors in cameroon. hindawi publishing corporation. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016; 2016.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  8. Beasley RP, Trepo C, Stevens CE, Szmuness W. The e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen. Am J Epidemiol. 1977; 105(2): 94–8.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  9. Okada K, Kamiyama I, Inomata M, Imai M, Miyakawa Y. Antigen and anti-e in the serum of asymptomatic carrier mothers as indicators of positive and negative transmission of hepatitis B virus to their infants. N Engl J Med. 1976; 294(14): 746-9.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  10. Keane E, Funk AL, Shimakawa Y. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 44(10): 1005-1017.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  11. Machaira M, Papaevangelou V, Vouloumanou EK, Tansarli GS, Falagas ME. Hepatitis B vaccine alone or with hepatitis B immunoglobulin in neonates of HBsAg+/HBeAg- mothers:a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015; 70: 396-404.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  12. Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C. Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006; 2: 004790.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  13. Brown RS Jr, McMahon BJ, Lok AS, Wong JB, Ahmed AT, Mouchli MA, et al. Antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B viral infection during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2016; 63: 319-33.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  14. Mast EE, Margolis HS, Fiore AE, Alter MJ, Bell BP, Finelli L, et al. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part1: immunization of infants, children, and adolescents. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2005; 54(RR16): 1–23.
     Google Scholar
  15. Chen L, Liu F, Fan X, Gao J, Chen N, Wong T, et al. Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antigen, and hepatitis B virus DNA in parotid tissues. Int J Infect Dis. 2009; 13: 20-3.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  16. Esan A, Omisakin C, Ojo-Bola T, Owoseni M, Fasakin K, Ogunleye A. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Co-Infection among Pregnant Women in Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical Research. 2014; 2(1): 11-15.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  17. Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Ndoula ST, Bigna JJ, Jingi AM, Fokom DJ. Prevalence, infectivity and correlates of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in a rural district of the Far North Region of Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2015; 2: 15.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  18. Frambo AA, Atashili J, Fon PN, Ndumbe PM. Prevalence of HBsAg and knowledge about hepatitis B in pregnancy in the Buea Health District. Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2014; 7: 394.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  19. Fomulu NJ, Morfaw FL, Torimiro JN, Nana P, Koh MV, William T. Prevalence, correlates and pattern of hepatitis B among antenatal clinic attenders in Yaounde-Cameroon: is perinatal transmission of HBV neglected in Cameroon? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013; 13: 158.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  20. Rubin E, Farber J. The liver and biliary system. Acute viral hepatitis P 721- 729. Pathology 2nd ed. 1994.
     Google Scholar
  21. Hou J, Liu Z, Gu F. Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Med Sci. 2005; 2: 50–7.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  22. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection. Geneva. 2015.
     Google Scholar
  23. Kfutwah AK, Tejiokem MC, Njouom R. A low proportion of HBeAg among HBsAg-positive pregnant women with known HIV status could suggest low perinatal transmission of HBV in Cameroon. Virol J. 2012; 9: 62.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  24. Ducancelle A, Abgueguen P, Birguel J, Mansour W, Pivert A. High endemicity and low molecular diversity of hepatitis B virus infections in pregnant women in a rural district of North Cameroon. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(11): 80346.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  25. Mansour W, Malick FZ, Sidiya A, Ishagh E, Chekaraou MA, Veillon P, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus in pregnant women and in patients I, Mauritania. J Med Virol. 2012; 84 (8): 1186-1198.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  26. Cho Y, Bonsu G, Ampaw AA, Mills GN, Nimo JA, Park JK, et al. The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Surface Ag Positivity in Pregnant Women in Eastern Region of Ghana. Gut and Liver J. 2012; 6(2): 235–240.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  27. Getnet G, Fikadu W, Almaz A, Kihinetu G. Risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: an institution based cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2019; 12: 509.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  28. Umare A, Seyoum B, Gobena T, Haile Mariyam T. HepatitisB Virus Infections and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women AttendingAntenatal Care Clinic at Deder Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11(11): e0166936.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  29. Abongwa LE, Clara AM, Edouard NA, Ngum NH. Sero-Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Co-Infection among Pregnant Women Residing in Bamenda Health District, Cameroon. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 2015; 4(12): 473-483.
     Google Scholar
  30. Manyahi J, Msigwa Y, Mhimbira F, Majigo M,. High sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Temeke municipal health facilities, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2017; 17: 109.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  31. Bayo P, Ochola E, Oleo C, Mwaka AD. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care: a cross-sectional study in two hospitals in northern Uganda. BMJ Open. 2014; 4: e005889.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  32. Tegegne D, Desta K, Tegbaru B, Tilahun T. Seroprevalence and transmission of Hepatitis B virus among delivering women and their new born in selected health facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2014; 7: 239.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  33. Baye G, Mohammed S, Abate A. Sero-prevalence of HBV and HCV Infections Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic at Dessie Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Advances in Life Sciences and Health. 2014, 1(2): 109–120.
     Google Scholar
  34. Zenebe Z, Mulu W, Yimer M, Abera B. Sero-prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infec Dis. 2014; 14: 118.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar


Most read articles by the same author(s)