Mammogram: Does Music Therapy Helps?



Abstract Views
617

Downloads
419

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Jun 5, 2020
Published Jun 15, 2020
10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.3.324

Abstract viewed = 617 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Anxiety was the barrier mostly chosen by women for not performing mammography examination. Music was perceived as an effective method in reducing these barriers. Thus, this study was done to investigate how music would influence anxiety level among women undergoing mammogram screening. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at randomly selected private hospitals around Klang Valley. The ’State-Trait Anxiety Inventory’ form was used to measure the level of anxiety. Respondents were categorized into two groups, which are control (no music) and experimental (with music) groups. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the anxiety level and T-test analysis were used to compare the anxiety level between both groups. A total of 60 respondents participated in this study in which 30 (50.0%) were in a control group and 30 (50.0%) were in the experimental group. Mean age of respondents were 53.5 (±12.7) years. The anxiety level is high in women who underwent mammography with no music (60.0%) as compared those with music (53.3%), although the difference is not significant (p>0.05). Music intervention has potential in reducing anxiety level during mammography examination.

Keywords: mammogram; music; anxiety

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. S. H. Heywang- Köbrunner, A. Hacker, and S. Sedlacek, “Advantages and disadvantages of mammography screening,” Breast Care, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 199-207, 2011.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  2. R. A. Al-Naggar, and Y. V. Bobryshev, “Practice and barriers of mammography among Malaysian women in the general population,” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 3595-3600, 2013.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  3. M. Dahlui, S. Ramli, and A. M. Bulgiba, “Breast cancer prevention and control programs in Malaysia,” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1631-1634, 2011.
     Google Scholar
  4. M. A. Rahmah, I. Aniza, and C. E. M. Che Engku Nor Bahiyah, “Do elderly women in Malaysia go for mammogram screening?,” Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 20-26, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  5. L. C. Watson-Johnson, A. DeGroff, B. Steele, M. Revels, J. L. Smith, E. Justen, et al., “Mammography adherence: A qualitative study,” Journal of Women’s Health, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1887-1894, 2011.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  6. E. A. Sarma, “Barriers to screening mammography,” Health Psychology Review, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 42-62, 2015.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  7. F. A. Burhanuddin, and S. F. Moey, “Level of knowledge and perceived barriers of mammography among female lecturers in Kulliyah of Allied Health Sciences (KAHS), IIUM Kuantan, Pahang,” International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 319-328, 2018.
     Google Scholar
  8. K. H. Kumar, and P. Elavarasi, “Definition of pain and classification of pain disorders,” Journal of Advanced Clinical & Research Insights, vol. 3, pp. 87-90, 2016.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  9. M. Yilmaz, and Ö. Kiymaz, “Anxiety and pain associated with process mammography: Influence of process information before,” The Journal of Breast Health, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 62-68, 2010.
     Google Scholar
  10. S. B. Abdel-Aziz, T. T. Amin, M. B. Al-Gadeeb, A. I. Alhassar, A. Al-Ramadan, M. M. Al-Helal, et al., “Perceived barriers to breast cancer screening among Saudi women at primary care setting,” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 2409-2417, 2017.
     Google Scholar
  11. L. K. Askhar, and Y. H. Zaki, “Female patients’ perception of pain caused by mammography in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia,” Saudi Medical Journal, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 768-771, 2017.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  12. P. Whelehan, A. Evans, M. Wells, and S. MacGillivray, “The effect of mammography pain on repeat participation in breast cancer screening: A systematic review,” The Breast, vol. 22, pp. 389-394, 2013.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  13. J. Demarco, J. l. Alexander, G. Nehrenz, and L. Gallagher, “The benefit of music for the reduction of stress and anxiety in patients undergoing elective cosmetic surgery,” Music & Medicine, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 44-48, 2012.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  14. T. T. Donnelly, A. Al Khater, S. B. Al-Bader, M. G. Al Kuwari, N. Al-Meer, M. Malik, et al., “Beliefs and attitudes about breast cancer and screening practices among Arab women living in Qatar: a cross-sectional study,” BMC Women;s Health, vol. 13, no. 49, pp. 1-16, 2013.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  15. T. Comeaux, and S. S. Moses, “The effect of complementary music therapy on the patient’s postoperative state anxiety, pain control, and environmental noise satisfaction,” Medsurg Nursing : Official Journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 313-318, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  16. R. Shabanloei, M. Golchin, A. Esfahani, R. Dolatkhah, and M. Rasoulian, “Effects of music therapy on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing bone marrow biopsy and aspiration,” AORN Journal, vol. 91, no. 6, pp. 746-751, 2010.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  17. A. D. Domar, A. Eyvazzade, S. Allen, K. Roman, R. Wolf, J. Orav, and J. Baum, “Relaxation techniques for reducing pain and anxiety during screening,” American Journal of Roentgenology, vol. 184, no.2, pp. 445-447, 2005.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  18. K. E. Zavotsky, A. Banavage, P. James, K. Easter, V. Pontieri-Lewis, and L. Lutwin, “The effects of music on pain and anxiety during screening mammography,” Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. E45-E49, 2014.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  19. R. P. Hansen, P. Vedsted, I. Sokolowski, J. Sondergaard, and F. Olesen, “General practitioner characteristics and delay in cancer diagnosis. A population-based cohortt study,” BMC Family Practice, vol. 12, no. 100, pp. 1-8, 2011.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  20. E. C. Smith, A. Ziogas, and H. Anton-Culver, “Delay in surgical treatment and survival after breast cancer diagnosis in young women by race/ethnicity,” JAMA Surgery, vol. 148, no. 6, pp. 516-523, 2013.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  21. R. Sankaranarayanan, R. Swaminathan, H. Brenner, K. Chen, K. S. Chia, J. G. Chen, et al., “Cancer survival in Africa, Asia, and Central America: a population-based study,” The Lancet Oncology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 165–173,2010.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  22. M. M. Rivera-Franco, and E. Leon-Rodriguez, “Delays in breast cancer detection and treatment in developing countries,” Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research, vol. 12, pp. 1–6, 2018.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  23. N. F. Ruslizam, N. N. F. Ab Malek, N. M. Zain, N. A. I. Che Mut, N. M. Norsuddin, S. A. Suhaimi, et al., “Mammogram: Association of music with anxiety among Malaysian women-A Systematic review. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1-3, 2020.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  24. American Cancer Society. (2018). History of ACS recommendations for the early detection of cancer in people without symptoms. Available from https://www.cancer. org/health-care-professionals/american-cancer-society-prevention-early-detection-guidelines/overview/chronological-history-of-acs-recommendations.html
     Google Scholar
  25. M. Jasemi, S. Aazami, and R. A. Zabihi, “The effects of music therapy on anxiety and depression of cancer patients,” Indian Journal of Palliative Care, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 455-458, 2016.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  26. Z. Foldes. (2016). The effects of synchronous music on patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Available from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/435f/101713a654f5cc7470 e1859f9b09157d6551.pdf.
     Google Scholar
  27. D. D. Walworth, “Effect of Live Music Therapy for Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging,” Journal of Music Therapy, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 335-350, 2010.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  28. M. Kahloul, S. Mhamdi, M. S. Nakhli, A. N. Sfeyhi, M. Azzaza, A. Chaouch, and W. Naija, “Effects of music therapy under general anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery,” Libyan Journal of Medicine, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2016.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  29. Q. H. M. Leow, “A qualitative exploration of patients’. A Qualitative Exploration of Patients’ Experiences of Music Therapy in an Inpatient Hospice in Singapore,” International Journal of Palliative Nursing, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 344-360, 2010.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  30. H. Lin, Y. Chang, H. Chou, C. Chang, M. Huang, S. J. Liu, et al., “Effect of music interventions on anxiety during labor : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” Peer Journal, vol. 7, pp. 1–20, 2019.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  31. G. Sadikoglu, A. Ozcakir, F. Dogan, S. Gokgoz, and N. Bilgel, “Mammography Utilization among Turkish Women,” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 377-381, 2010.
     Google Scholar
  32. B. Hafslund, “Mammography and the experience of pain and anxiety,” Radiography, vol. 6, pp. 269-272, 2000.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  33. B. Sandín, P. Chorot, R. M. Valiente, L. Lostao, and M. A. Santed, “Anticipatory anxiety in women recalled for further mammogram breast cancer screening,” Psicothema, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 240-246, 2001.
     Google Scholar
  34. J. Brett, C. Bankhead, B. Henderson, E. Watson, and J. Austoker, “The psychological impact of mammographic screening. A systematic review,” Psychooncology, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 917-938, 2005.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  35. W. L. Lee, F. K. Lee, and M. K. Shyu, “Mammography screening causes anxiety in women,” Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 261-262, 2015.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar


Most read articles by the same author(s)